Nonviolence

Bibliography Menu
Sorted by: Author | Title | Date | Recently Added

General topics: Capitalism | Development (and Alternative development) | Diversity | Globalization | Neoliberalism (➦ Corporatization of the university) | Social justice
Note: The above are some topics that research activists tend to discuss as general concepts related to causes. But these general topics do not cover all specific causes and issues actually addressed (for which see below).
Specific causes & issues: Ageism | AI Bias | AIDS | Antiracism (see also Racism) | Antiwar | Apartheid | Caste antidiscrimination | Censorship | Childcare | Class discrimination | Decolonization | Digital justice | Disability rights | Drugs | Education reform (➦ In HigherEd) | Economic Inequality | Environment (➦ Biodiversity ➦ Climate change ➦ Environmental justice) | Feminist activism | Food justice (➦ Food sovereignty | Slow food) | Freedom of speech | Gender equality (➦ Reproductive labor [See also Womens rights]) | Health care reform (➦ Health advocacy) | Heteronormativity (➦ Toxic masculinity) | Housing & zoning issues (➦ Gentrification ➦ Houselessness (including homelessness) ➦ Housing reform ➦ Skidrow) | Human rights | Indigenous rights | Information access | Infrastructure | Labor activism (➦ Adjunct instructors | Anti-work | Care work | Domestic work | Feminized labor | Reproductive labor | Sex work | Unionization) | Land politics | Language activism (➦ Linguistic discrimination | Linguistic diversity) | Legal system (➦ Criminal justice system ➦ Police reform ➦ Prison abolition) | Medical system reform | Mental health | Microaggressions | Population movement (➦ Forced displacement ★ Migration ➦ Immigration ★ Immigration activism ★ Undocumented residents rights) | Prison change (➦ Prison abolition ➦ Prison reform) | Racism (see also Antiracism) | Reproductive justice (➦ Abortion | Reproductive labor) | Right-wing activism | Surveillance | Trade treaties | Water justice | Women's rights (➦ Feminicide ➦ Violence against women)

General topics: [TBD]
Age & generation groups: Children | Youth | Elderly | Generations (➦ [TBD])
Citizenship, residency, migrant groups: Citizens | Immigrants | Migrants | Refugees | Undocumented residents
Gender groups: LGBTQ | Men | Women
Economic groups: [TBD]
Professional & Occupational groups: (See also in this menu under "In Disciplines & Professions" > "Professions") Knowledge workers | Professionals | Veterans
Religious groups: [TBD]

Issues in LowerEd Research Activism: Discipline | Preservice teaching | Teaching | Curriculum (re)design
LowerEd Personnel & Research/Activism: Administration | Students

General topics: [TBD]
Arts (Creative & Performing Arts): Architecture | Art (➦ Digital arts ➦ Street art ➦ Textile art) | Music (➦ Ethnomusicology) | Performance studies | Theater
Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM): AI (artificial intelligence) | Computer science | Data science | Engineering (➦ In Silicon Valley) | Environmental sciences
"None, or All of the Above": Organic intellectuals | Public intellectuals

Simple Search (on this website)

Search for text strings that appear in authors and titles (sorted by author) (no abstracts.) Arrow curved down
4349279 100 chicago-fullnote-bibliography creator asc 1 toplevel 1
Search by:
thinking

Advanced Search (on Zotero site)

Explanation: The content of the Research + Activism Bibliography is kept as a group library in the Zotero bibliography manager, and then pulled into this WordPress site through the ZotPress plug-in. Showing the bibliography on our WordPress site allows us to organize and narrate tagged categories to create what amounts to a conceptual map. But search capabilities are simpler. More advanced searching is available through direct online access to our Zotero bibliogaphy (but Zotero's own interface does not allow us to organize and narrate our tags).
For more advanced and granular search by author, title, year, and tag (with abstracts available), use the online interface of the Zotero group library holding our content. Click on "Go to Arrow to right, black Zotero"
Online inferface of Zotero library underlying the Research + Activism Bibliograpy.
Online inferface of Zotero library underlying the Research + Activism Bibliograpy.

by Date by Author

 
4349279 Nonviolence 1 chicago-fullnote-bibliography 50 date desc year 1 1 1 388 https://rab.english.ucsb.edu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22QP7R2F4M%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4349279%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Nonviolent%20Action%20Lab%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BNonviolent%20Action%20Lab.%20%26%23x201C%3BHome%20Page.%26%23x201D%3B%20Harvard%20Kennedy%20School%20Carr%20Center%20for%20Human%20Rights%20Policy%2C%202022.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcarrcenter.hks.harvard.edu%5C%2Fnon-violent-social-movements%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcarrcenter.hks.harvard.edu%5C%2Fnon-violent-social-movements%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D4349279%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQP7R2F4M%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Home%20page%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Nonviolent%20Action%20Lab%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Nonviolent%20Action%20Lab%20produces%20and%20disseminates%20up-to-date%20knowledge%20on%20nonviolent%20action%2C%20how%20it%20works%2C%20and%20global%20trends%20in%20success%20and%20failure.%20The%20world%20is%20facing%20numerous%20crises%20that%20demand%20urgent%20and%20effective%20nonviolent%20action.%20Movements%20worldwide%20are%20fighting%20global%20inaction%20on%20climate%20change%2C%20discrimination%20against%20refugee%20and%20immigrant%20communities%20fleeing%20war%20and%20hardship%2C%20and%20rising%20global%20inequality.%20At%20the%20same%20time%2C%20the%20very%20institution%20of%20democracy%20is%20under%20threat.%20Over%20the%20past%20decade%2C%20authoritarian%20backsliding%20has%20occurred%20in%20Hungary%2C%20Poland%2C%20Turkey%2C%20Brazil%2C%20India%2C%20the%20United%20States%2C%20and%20elsewhere.%20The%20rise%20of%20digital%20authoritarianism%20has%20created%20more%20opportunities%20for%20more%20sophisticated%20forms%20of%20repression%2C%20which%20has%20disrupted%20and%20undermined%20nonviolent%20movements%20that%20have%20relied%20on%20digital%20organizing%20and%20online%20activism%20to%20build%20their%20movements.%20Movements%20are%20fighting%20back%20against%20corruption%2C%20injustice%2C%20and%20violence%20in%20almost%20every%20country%20of%20the%20world.%20What%20remains%20to%20be%20seen%20is%20how%20effective%20they%20will%20be%20in%20challenging%20entrenched%20power%20in%20increasingly%20complex%20environments.%20The%20Nonviolent%20Action%20Lab%20produces%20and%20disseminates%20up-to-date%20knowledge%20on%20nonviolent%20action%2C%20how%20it%20works%2C%20and%20global%20trends%20in%20success%20and%20failure.%20The%20world%20is%20facing%20numerous%20crises%20that%20demand%20urgent%20and%20effective%20nonviolent%20action.%20Movements%20worldwide%20are%20fighting%20global%20inaction%20on%20climate%20change%2C%20discrimination%20against%20refugee%20and%20immigrant%20communities%20fleeing%20war%20and%20hardship%2C%20and%20rising%20global%20inequality.%20At%20the%20same%20time%2C%20the%20very%20institution%20of%20democracy%20is%20under%20threat.%20Over%20the%20past%20decade%2C%20authoritarian%20backsliding%20has%20occurred%20in%20Hungary%2C%20Poland%2C%20Turkey%2C%20Brazil%2C%20India%2C%20the%20United%20States%2C%20and%20elsewhere.%20The%20rise%20of%20digital%20authoritarianism%20has%20created%20more%20opportunities%20for%20more%20sophisticated%20forms%20of%20repression%2C%20which%20has%20disrupted%20and%20undermined%20nonviolent%20movements%20that%20have%20relied%20on%20digital%20organizing%20and%20online%20activism%20to%20build%20their%20movements.%20Movements%20are%20fighting%20back%20against%20corruption%2C%20injustice%2C%20and%20violence%20in%20almost%20every%20country%20of%20the%20world.%20What%20remains%20to%20be%20seen%20is%20how%20effective%20they%20will%20be%20in%20challenging%20entrenched%20power%20in%20increasingly%20complex%20environments.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222022%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcarrcenter.hks.harvard.edu%5C%2Fnon-violent-social-movements%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-27T22%3A59%3A33Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Centers%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Nonviolence%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%228P85SUFB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4349279%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kinna%20and%20Whiteley%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-05-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKinna%2C%20Ruth%2C%20and%20Gillian%20Whiteley%2C%20eds.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BCultures%20of%20Violence%3A%20Visual%20Arts%20and%20Political%20Violence%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20London%3A%20Routledge%2C%202020.%20https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.4324%5C%2F9780429460357.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D4349279%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D8P85SUFB%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cultures%20of%20Violence%3A%20Visual%20Arts%20and%20Political%20Violence%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ruth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kinna%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gillian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Whiteley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Investigating%20art%20practitioners%5Cu2019%20responses%20to%20violence%2C%20this%20book%20considers%20how%20artists%20have%20used%20art%20practices%20to%20rethink%20concepts%20of%20violence%20and%20non-violence.%20It%20explores%20the%20strategies%20that%20artists%20have%20deployed%20to%20expose%20physical%20and%20symbolic%20violence%20through%20representational%2C%20performative%20and%20interventional%20means.%20%5Cn%5CnIt%20examines%20how%20intellectual%20and%20material%20contexts%20have%20affected%20art%20interventions%20and%20how%20visual%20arts%20can%20open%20up%20critical%20spaces%20to%20explore%20violence%20without%20reinforcement%20or%20recuperation.%20Its%20premises%20are%20that%20art%20is%20not%20only%20able%20to%20contest%20prevailing%20norms%20about%20violence%20but%20that%20contemporary%20artists%20are%20consciously%20engaging%20with%20publics%20through%20their%20practice%20in%20order%20to%20do%20so.%20Contributors%20respond%20to%20three%20questions%3A%20how%20can%20political%20violence%20be%20understood%20or%20interpreted%20through%20art%3F%20How%20are%20publics%20understood%20or%20identified%3F%20How%20are%20art%20interventions%20designed%20to%20shift%2C%20challenge%20or%20respond%20to%20public%20perceptions%20of%20political%20violence%20and%20how%20are%20they%20constrained%20by%20them%3F%20They%20discuss%20violence%20in%20the%20everyday%20and%20at%20state%20level%3A%20the%20Watts%5Cu2019%20Rebellion%20and%20Occupy%2C%20repression%20in%20Russia%2C%20domination%20in%20Hong%20Kong%2C%20the%20violence%20of%20migration%20and%20the%20unfolding%20art%20activist%20logic%20of%20the%20sigma%20portfolio.%20%5Cn%5CnAsking%20how%20public%20debates%20can%20be%20shaped%20through%20the%20visual%20and%20performing%20arts%20and%20setting%20taboos%20about%20violence%20to%20one%20side%2C%20the%20volume%20provides%20an%20innovative%20approach%20to%20a%20perennial%20issue%20of%20interest%20to%20scholars%20of%20international%20politics%2C%20art%20and%20cultural%20studies.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-05-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-429-46035-7%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-30T23%3A38%3A22Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Activism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Art%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22ArtActivism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Book%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22HongKong%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22LA_Riots_1965%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Nonviolence%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22OccupyMovement%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Protests%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Riots%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Russia%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TX3JF8TR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4349279%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chenoweth%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BChenoweth%2C%20Erica%2C%20Jonathan%20Pinckney%2C%20and%20Orion%20A.%20Lewis.%20%26%23x201C%3BNAVCO%203.0%20Dataset.%26%23x201D%3B%20Harvard%20Dataverse%2C%202019.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7910%5C%2FDVN%5C%2FINNYEO%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7910%5C%2FDVN%5C%2FINNYEO%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D4349279%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTX3JF8TR%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22dataset%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22NAVCO%203.0%20Dataset%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erica%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chenoweth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pinckney%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Orion%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lewis%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Reports%20over%20100%2C000%20resistance%20events%20in%2026%20countries%20from%201990-2011%2C%20with%20a%20variety%20of%20indicators%20such%20as%20the%20type%2C%20scope%2C%20and%20category%20of%20each%20event.%20Further%20versions%20in%20the%203.0%20series%20are%20not%20expected%20at%20this%20time.%22%2C%22identifier%22%3A%22%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22%22%2C%22versionNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019%22%2C%22repository%22%3A%22Harvard%20Dataverse%22%2C%22repositoryLocation%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7910%5C%2FDVN%5C%2FINNYEO%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdataverse.harvard.edu%5C%2Fdataset.xhtml%3FpersistentId%3Ddoi%3A10.7910%5C%2FDVN%5C%2FINNYEO%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-27T23%3A08%3A03Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Dataset%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Nonviolence%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Protests%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LIS4ZTPX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4349279%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A22837%2C%22username%22%3A%22ayliu%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Alan%20Liu%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fayliu%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Phillips%20and%20Montes%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPhillips%2C%20Louise%20Gwenneth%2C%20and%20Catherine%20Montes.%20%26%23x201C%3BWalking%20Borders%3A%20Explorations%20of%20Aesthetics%20in%20Ephemeral%20Arts%20Activism%20for%20Asylum%20Seeker%20Rights.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BSpace%20and%20Culture%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2021%2C%20no.%202%20%282018%29%3A%2092%26%23x2013%3B107.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1206331217729509%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1206331217729509%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D4349279%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DLIS4ZTPX%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Walking%20Borders%3A%20Explorations%20of%20Aesthetics%20in%20Ephemeral%20Arts%20Activism%20for%20Asylum%20Seeker%20Rights%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Louise%20Gwenneth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Phillips%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Catherine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Montes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Australia%5Cu2019s%20Operation%20Sovereign%20Borders%20vehemently%20enforces%20closed%20borders%20to%20asylum%20seekers%20arriving%20by%20boat%20to%20Australia.%20Policed%20urban%20borders%20were%20enforced%20in%20Brisbane%2C%20Australia%2C%20during%20the%20G20%20Summit%20in%202014%2C%20to%20protect%20visiting%20dignitaries%20from%20potential%20violent%20protest.%20The%20ephemeral%20arts%20intervention%20Walking%20Borders%3A%20Arts%20activism%20for%20refugee%20and%20asylum%20seeker%20rights%20symbolically%20confronted%20border%20politics%20by%20peacefully%20protesting%20against%20Australian%20immigration%20policy.%20Rather%20than%20focusing%20on%20the%20direct%20effects%20of%20the%20ephemeral%20arts%20intervention%2C%20this%20article%20attends%20to%20the%20affective%20workings%20of%20the%20aesthetic%20elements%20of%20the%20project%20through%20sensory%20ethnography%20and%20storying.%20Informed%20by%20Ranciere%5Cu2019s%20aesthetics%20of%20politics%2C%20this%20article%20explores%20the%20affective%20experience%20and%20potential%20educative%20gains%20of%20the%20ethical%20turn%20attended%20to%20in%20participatory%20arts%20such%20as%20ephemeral%20arts%20interventions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F1206331217729509%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221206-3312%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F1206331217729509%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-21T21%3A07%3A13Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22AnthropologyEthnography%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22ArtActivism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Australia%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Borders%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Campaigns%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Creatives%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Fieldwork%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22HumanRights%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Immigrants%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Immigration%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22ImmigrationActivism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22JournalArticle%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Nonviolence%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22ParticipatoryCreativeArts%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22ParticipatoryResearch%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22PopulationMovement%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Protests%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22QualitativeResearch%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Refugees%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VD6MMTVK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4349279%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Branley%20and%20Krausch%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBranley%2C%20Janet%2C%20and%20Megan%20Krausch.%20%26%23x201C%3BStudent%20Generated%20Social%20Movements%3A%20When%20Students%20Become%20Student%20Activists.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMcNair%20Scholars%20Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Wisconsin%20Superior%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%202018%2C%201%26%23x2013%3B28.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fminds.wisconsin.edu%5C%2Fbitstream%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F1793%5C%2F79280%5C%2FStudent%2520Generated%2520Social%2520Movements%2520When%2520Students%2520Become%2520Student%2520Activists.pdf%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fminds.wisconsin.edu%5C%2Fbitstream%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F1793%5C%2F79280%5C%2FStudent%2520Generated%2520Social%2520Movements%2520When%2520Students%2520Become%2520Student%2520Activists.pdf%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D4349279%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVD6MMTVK%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Student%20Generated%20Social%20Movements%3A%20When%20Students%20Become%20Student%20Activists%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janet%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Branley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Megan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Krausch%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Existing%20literature%20discusses%20various%20social%20movements%20and%20protests%20by%20university%20students%20in%20the%20United%20States%20and%20globally.%20While%20cultural%20and%20political%20circumstances%20differ%20from%20one%20area%20of%20the%20U.S.%20to%20another%2C%20and%20from%20one%20nation%20to%20another%2C%20there%20are%20often%20similarities%20in%20the%20triggers%20of%20political%20dissent%2C%20particularly%20on%20university%20campuses.%20Donoso%20%282016%3B%20p168%29%20contends%20that%20%5Cu201csocial%20movements%20constitute%20a%20democratizing%20force%20when%20they%20are%20able%20to%20compel%20governments%20to%20increase%20effective%20participation%20in%20the%20policy-making%20process.%5Cu201d%20With%20the%20current%20social%20environment%20of%20discontent%20in%20governments%20and%20the%20people%20with%20power%20both%20in%20and%20out%20of%20those%20institutions%2C%20along%20with%20the%20sense%20that%20little%20can%20be%20done%2C%20the%20question%20arises%3A%20when%20does%20this%20sense%20of%20defenselessness%20morph%20into%20a%20revolution%3F%20The%20purpose%20of%20this%20research%20is%20to%20examine%20past%20student%20generated%20social%20movements%20in%20comparison%20to%20the%20data%20collected%20for%20this%20study%20which%20represents%20the%20opinions%20of%20the%20eight%20participants%20interviewed%20to%20determine%20the%20%5Cu201cspark%20factor%5Cu201d%20that%20facilitated%20the%20birth%20of%20the%20movements%20and%20their%20formation.%20When%20members%20of%20a%20society%20become%20so%20disenchanted%20with%20the%20institutional%20structures%2C%20along%20with%20the%20rules%20and%20laws%20produced%20by%20those%20institutions%2C%20whether%20public%20or%20private%2C%20there%20comes%20a%20point%20where%20the%20people%20raise%20their%20voices%20for%20change.%20What%20events%20take%20place%20to%20cause%20the%20people%20to%20raise%20their%20voices%3F%20To%20understand%20the%20significance%20of%20collective%20action%2C%20previous%20literature%20must%20be%20examined%20to%20determine%20the%20definition%20of%20a%20social%20movement%20for%20the%20context%20of%20this%20research.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fminds.wisconsin.edu%5C%2Fbitstream%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F1793%5C%2F79280%5C%2FStudent%2520Generated%2520Social%2520Movements%2520When%2520Students%2520Become%2520Student%2520Activists.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-01-11T00%3A27%3A44Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22CriticalUniversityStudies%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22EmpiricalResearch%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22HigherEdActivism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22History%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22HistoryOfActivism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22JournalArticle%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Movement%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Neoliberalism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Nonviolence%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22SocialJustice%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22StudentActivism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22US%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TUKMGEQU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4349279%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A22837%2C%22username%22%3A%22ayliu%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Alan%20Liu%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fayliu%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cosgrove%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCosgrove%2C%20Shady%20E.%20%26%23x201C%3BReading%20for%20Peace%3F%20Literature%20as%20Activism%20%26%23x2013%3B%20an%20Investigation%20into%20New%20Literary%20Ethics%20and%20the%20Novel.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BActivating%20Human%20Rights%20and%20Peace%20Conference%20Proceedings%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20233%26%23x2013%3B39.%20Australia%2C%202008.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fro.uow.edu.au%5C%2Fcreartspapers%5C%2F82%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fro.uow.edu.au%5C%2Fcreartspapers%5C%2F82%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D4349279%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTUKMGEQU%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Reading%20for%20peace%3F%20Literature%20as%20activism%20%5Cu2013%20an%20investigation%20into%20new%20literary%20ethics%20and%20the%20novel%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shady%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cosgrove%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Literary%20ethicists%20like%20Dorothy%20J%20Hale%20and%20narratologists%20like%20James%20Phelan%20have%20argued%20that%20the%20reading%20process%20makes%20literary%20novels%20worthy%20of%20ethical%20investigation.%20That%20is%2C%20it%5Cu2019s%20not%20just%20a%20book%5Cu2019s%20content%20%5Cu2013%20which%20may%20debate%20norms%20and%20values%20%5Cu2013%20but%20the%20process%20of%20reading%20that%20inspires%20the%20reader%20to%20consider%20Other%20points%20of%20view.%20This%20alterity%2C%20new%20ethicists%20argue%2C%20can%20lead%20to%20increased%20empathy%20and%20thus%20more%20thoughtful%20decision-making%20within%20the%20%5Cu2018actual%5Cu2019%20world.%20In%20fact%2C%20Hale%20%282007%3A%20189%29%20says%20empathetic%20literary%20training%20is%20a%20%5Cu2018pre-condition%20for%20positive%20social%20change%5Cu2019.%20This%20may%20work%20well%20theoretically%2C%20but%20what%20practical%20issues%20does%20it%20hold%20for%20social%20activists%3F%20How%20useful%20can%20literature%20actually%20be%20in%20the%20face%20of%20dire%20social%20issues%3F%20Can%20we%20%5Cu2018read%5Cu2019%20our%20way%20out%20of%20poverty%20and%20aggressive%20military%20intervention%3F%20And%20what%20would%20it%20mean%20to%20develop%20an%20activism%20based%20on%20reading%20and%20empathy%3F%20This%20paper%20will%20examine%20these%20questions%20using%20a%20framework%20based%20on%20the%20work%20of%20Hale%20and%20Phelan.%20%28Hale%2C%202007%29%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22Activating%20Human%20Rights%20and%20Peace%20Conference%20Proceedings%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22Activating%20Human%20Rights%20and%20Peace%20Conference%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fro.uow.edu.au%5C%2Fcreartspapers%5C%2F82%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-23T16%3A01%3A14Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22%2AReading%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22ActivistFiction%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Australia%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22ConferenceProceeding%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22EnglishLiteraryStudies%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22LiteraryStudies%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Nonviolence%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22ResearchEthics%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22SocialJustice%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Storytelling%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Writing%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229M6KA3XX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4349279%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Strain%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BStrain%2C%20Christopher%20B.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPure%20Fire%3A%20Self-Defense%20as%20Activism%20in%20the%20Civil%20Rights%20Era%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Athens%3A%20University%20of%20Georgia%20Press%2C%202005.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D4349279%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9M6KA3XX%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Pure%20fire%3A%20self-defense%20as%20activism%20in%20the%20civil%20rights%20era%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Strain%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Pure%20Fire%20is%20a%20history%20of%20self-defense%20as%20it%20was%20debated%20and%20practiced%20during%20the%20civil%20rights%20era%20of%20the%201950s%20and%201960s.%20Moving%20beyond%20the%20realm%20of%20organized%20protests%20and%20demonstrations%2C%20Christopher%20B.%20Strain%20reframes%20self-defense%20as%20a%20daily%20concern%20for%20many%20African%20Americans%20as%20they%20faced%20the%20continual%20menace%20of%20white%20aggression.%20In%20such%20circumstances%2C%20deciding%20to%20defend%20oneself%20and%20one%26%23039%3Bs%20family%20was%20to%20assert%20a%20long-denied%20right%20and%2C%20consequently%2C%20to%20adopt%20a%20liberating%20new%20attitude.%5Cn%5CnTo%20grasp%20the%20subtleties%20of%20this%20activist%20approach%20to%20self-defense%20in%20the%20struggle%20for%20black%20equality%2C%20Strain%20says%20we%20must%20break%20down%20the%20dichotomies%20of%20the%20movement%20constructed%20by%20journalists%2C%20scholars%2C%20and%20even%20activists%3A%20a%20pre-1965%20era%20versus%20a%20post-1965%20era%2C%20nonviolence%20versus%20violence%2C%20integration%20versus%20segregation%2C%20Martin%20Luther%20King%20Jr.%20versus%20Malcolm%20X.%20These%20and%20other%20oversimplifications%20have%20led%20to%20a%20blurring%20of%20distinctions%20between%20the%20violence%20of%20racial%20animosity%20and%20the%20necessary%20force%20of%20self-defense%2C%20and%20to%20the%20misinterpretation%20of%20nonviolence%20as%20passivity.%5Cn%5CnPure%20Fire%20looks%20anew%20at%20such%20familiar%20figures%20as%20Martin%20Luther%20King%20Jr.%2C%20Rosa%20Parks%2C%20Malcolm%20X%2C%20and%20Huey%20Newton%2C%20as%20well%20as%20issues%20and%20events%20including%20gun%20ownership%2C%20the%20Watts%20riot%20of%201965%20in%20Los%20Angeles%2C%20and%20the%20rise%20of%20the%20Black%20Panther%20Party.%20It%20also%20profiles%20Robert%20F.%20Williams%20of%20North%20Carolina%2C%20Charles%20Sims%20of%20the%20Louisiana-based%20Deacons%20for%20Defense%20and%20Justice%2C%20and%20other%20outspoken%20black%20advocates%20of%20armed%20self-defense.%5Cn%5CnThis%20provocative%20new%20study%20reveals%20how%20self-defense%20underpinned%20notions%20of%20personhood%2C%20black%20advancement%2C%20citizenship%2C%20and%20%26quot%3BAmericanness%2C%26quot%3B%20holding%20deep%20implications%20for%20civil%20rights%2C%20civil%20liberties%2C%20and%20human%20rights.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222005%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-8203-2686-3%20978-0-8203-2687-0%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-30T23%3A35%3A53Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22AfricanAmericans%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22BlackPeople%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22CivilRightsMovement%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22LA_Riots%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22LA_Riots_1965%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22LosAngeles%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Nonviolence%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Race%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Racism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Riots%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22SelfDefense%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224PQDNUC5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4349279%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Critical%20Art%20Ensemble%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222001%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCritical%20Art%20Ensemble.%20%26%23x201C%3BElectronic%20Civil%20Disobedience.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BElectronic%20Civil%20Disobedience%20and%20Other%20Unpopular%20Ideas%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%207%26%23x2013%3B32.%20Brooklyn%2C%20NY%3A%20Autonomedia%2C%202001.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcritical-art.net%5C%2Fbooks%5C%2Fecd%5C%2Fecd2.pdf%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcritical-art.net%5C%2Fbooks%5C%2Fecd%5C%2Fecd2.pdf%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D4349279%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4PQDNUC5%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Electronic%20Civil%20Disobedience%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Critical%20Art%20Ensemble%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BExcerpt%20from%20p.%2018%5D%20The%20strategy%20and%20tactics%20of%20ECD%20%5Belectronic%20civil%20disobedience%5D%20should%20not%20be%20a%20mystery%20to%20any%20activists.%20They%20are%20the%20same%20as%20traditional%20CD%20%5Bcivil%20disobedience%5D.%20ECD%20is%20a%20nonviolent%20activity%20by%20its%20very%20nature%2C%20since%20the%20oppositional%20forces%20never%20physically%20confront%20one%20another.%20As%20in%20CD%2C%20the%20primary%20tactics%20in%20ECD%20are%20trespass%20and%20blockage.%20Exits%2C%20entrances%2C%20conduits%2C%20and%20other%20key%20spaces%20must%20be%20occupied%20by%20the%20contestational%20force%20in%20order%20to%20bring%20pressure%20on%20legitimized%20institutions%20engaged%20in%20unethical%20or%20criminal%20actions.%20Blocking%20information%20conduits%20is%20analogous%20to%20blocking%20physical%20locations%3B%20however%2C%20electronic%20blockage%20can%20cause%20financial%20stress%20that%20physical%20blockage%20cannot%2C%20and%20it%20can%20be%20used%20beyond%20the%20local%20level.%20ECD%20is%20CD%20reinvigorated.%20What%20CD%20once%20was%2C%20ECD%20is%20now.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Electronic%20Civil%20Disobedience%20and%20Other%20Unpopular%20Ideas%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222001%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcritical-art.net%5C%2Fbooks%5C%2Fecd%5C%2Fecd2.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-01T19%3A54%3A52Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22AvantGarde%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Chapter%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22CivilDisobedience%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Countercultures%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Hacktivism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Nonviolence%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Protests%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22A5S7SNC7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4349279%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Critical%20Art%20Ensemble%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221996%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCritical%20Art%20Ensemble.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BDigital%20Resistance%3A%20Explorations%20in%20Tactical%20Media%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Brooklyn%2C%20NY%3A%20Autonomedia%2C%201996.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmonoskop.org%5C%2Fimages%5C%2Fd%5C%2Fdf%5C%2FCritical_Art_Ensemble_Electronic_Civil_Disobedience_and_Other_Unpopular_Ideas.pdf%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmonoskop.org%5C%2Fimages%5C%2Fd%5C%2Fdf%5C%2FCritical_Art_Ensemble_Electronic_Civil_Disobedience_and_Other_Unpopular_Ideas.pdf%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D4349279%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DA5S7SNC7%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Digital%20Resistance%3A%20Explorations%20in%20Tactical%20Media%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Critical%20Art%20Ensemble%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BLast%20paragraph%20of%20Introduction%5D%20In%20the%20following%20pages%20the%20reader%20will%20find%20theoretical%20and%20documentational%20traces%20of%20tactical%20media.%20CAE%20%5BCritical%20Art%20Ensemble%5D%20does%20not%20present%20these%20cases%20so%20much%20as%20models%20but%20as%20possibilities.%20They%20are%20simply%20modest%20illustrations%20of%20the%20broad%20material%20and%20content%20base%20of%20tactical%20media.%20We%20trust%20that%20they%20indicate%20that%20no%20cultural%20bunker%20is%20ever%20fully%20secure.%20We%20can%20trespass%20in%20them%20all%2C%20inventing%20molecular%20interventions%20and%20unleashing%20semiotic%20shocks%20that%20collectively%20could%20negate%20the%20rising%20intensity%20of%20authoritarian%20culture.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221996%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmonoskop.org%5C%2Fimages%5C%2Fd%5C%2Fdf%5C%2FCritical_Art_Ensemble_Electronic_Civil_Disobedience_and_Other_Unpopular_Ideas.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-01T19%3A54%3A43Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22AvantGarde%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Book%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22CivilDisobedience%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Countercultures%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Hacktivism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Nonviolence%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Protests%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22TacticalMedia%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2272UC48SW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4349279%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Critical%20Art%20Ensemble%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221996%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCritical%20Art%20Ensemble.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BElectronic%20Civil%20Disobedience%20and%20Other%20Unpopular%20Ideas%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Brooklyn%2C%20NY%3A%20Autonomedia%2C%201996.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmonoskop.org%5C%2Fimages%5C%2Fd%5C%2Fdf%5C%2FCritical_Art_Ensemble_Electronic_Civil_Disobedience_and_Other_Unpopular_Ideas.pdf%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmonoskop.org%5C%2Fimages%5C%2Fd%5C%2Fdf%5C%2FCritical_Art_Ensemble_Electronic_Civil_Disobedience_and_Other_Unpopular_Ideas.pdf%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D4349279%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D72UC48SW%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Electronic%20Civil%20Disobedience%20and%20Other%20Unpopular%20Ideas%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Critical%20Art%20Ensemble%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BFirst%20paragraph%20of%20Preface%5D%20This%20book%20continues%20the%20exploration%20begun%20in%20The%20Electronic%20Disturbance%20%28TED%29.%20While%20TED%20was%20very%20well%20received%2C%20critics%20continually%20mentioned%20two%20primary%20shortcomings.%20The%20first%20was%20that%20while%20TED%20explains%20the%20nature%20of%20nomadic%20power%20in%20the%20age%20of%20the%20virtual%2C%20very%20little%20is%20said%20about%20nomadic%20resistance%20on%20the%20net%20or%20in%20the%20bunker.%20In%20this%20work%2C%20CAE%20offers%20a%20preliminary%20outline%20concerning%20rational%20strategy%20%28antilogos%29%20and%20tactical%20possibilities%20for%20nomadic%20resistance.%20In%20other%20words%2C%20the%20matters%20described%20in%20the%20following%20pages%20are%20the%20oppositional%20counterparts%20of%20nomadic%20power%20%28i.e.%2C%20domination%29%20at%20this%20historical%20moment.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221996%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmonoskop.org%5C%2Fimages%5C%2Fd%5C%2Fdf%5C%2FCritical_Art_Ensemble_Electronic_Civil_Disobedience_and_Other_Unpopular_Ideas.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-24T23%3A49%3A25Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Book%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22CivilDisobedience%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Hacktivism%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Nonviolence%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Protests%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2293HFVWVE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A4349279%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Swarthmore%20College%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSwarthmore%20College.%20%26%23x201C%3BGlobal%20Nonviolent%20Action%20Database%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20n.%20d.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnvdatabase.swarthmore.edu%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnvdatabase.swarthmore.edu%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D4349279%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D93HFVWVE%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Global%20Nonviolent%20Action%20Database%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Swarthmore%20College%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BFrom%20%26quot%3BAbout%26quot%3B%5D%20Why%20this%20database%3F%20%281%29%20To%20provide%20free%20access%20to%20information%20about%20hundreds%20of%20cases%20of%20nonviolent%20action%20for%20learning%20and%20for%20citizen%20action.%20We%20research%20campaigns%20that%20have%20reached%20a%20point%20of%20completion.%20The%20cases%20are%20drawn%20from%20all%20continents%20and%20most%20countries.%20%20People%20are%20shown%20struggling%20for%20human%20rights%2C%20economic%20justice%2C%20democracy%2C%20national%20and%20ethnic%20identity%2C%20environmental%20sustainability%2C%20and%20peace.%20%20To%20learn%20more%20about%20searching%20by%20the%20issues%20people%20are%20struggling%20about%2C%20go%20to%20Issue%20Clusters.%20%282%29%20To%20make%20available%20comparative%20information%20that%20will%20support%20researchers%20and%20writers%20to%20develop%20strategic%20knowledge%20and%20theory.%20%20Each%20case%20is%20presented%20in%20two%20formats%3A%20the%20database%20file%20%28with%20searchable%20fields%29%20and%20the%20narrative%20describing%20the%20struggle%20as%20an%20unfolding%20story.%20The%20database%20supports%20searches%20by%20country%2C%20by%20issue%2C%20by%20action%20method%20used%2C%20and%20even%20by%20year%20--%20there%20is%20a%20case%20from%20ancient%20Egypt%2C%2012th%20century%20BCE%21%20%20Some%20cases%20are%20part%20of%20a%20%5Cu201cwave%5Cu201d%20of%20campaigns%2C%20such%20as%20the%20%5Cu201cArab%20Awakening%5Cu201d%20of%202011%3B%20by%20pressing%20each%20%5Cu201cwave%5Cu201d%20button%20one%20can%20find%20cases.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22n.%20d.%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnvdatabase.swarthmore.edu%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-27T22%3A36%3A54Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22DataStory%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Dataset%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Nonviolence%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D
Nonviolent Action Lab. “Home Page.” Harvard Kennedy School Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, 2022. https://carrcenter.hks.harvard.edu/non-violent-social-movements. Cite
Kinna, Ruth, and Gillian Whiteley, eds. Cultures of Violence: Visual Arts and Political Violence. London: Routledge, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429460357. Cite
Chenoweth, Erica, Jonathan Pinckney, and Orion A. Lewis. “NAVCO 3.0 Dataset.” Harvard Dataverse, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/INNYEO. Cite
Phillips, Louise Gwenneth, and Catherine Montes. “Walking Borders: Explorations of Aesthetics in Ephemeral Arts Activism for Asylum Seeker Rights.” Space and Culture 21, no. 2 (2018): 92–107. https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331217729509. Cite
Branley, Janet, and Megan Krausch. “Student Generated Social Movements: When Students Become Student Activists.” McNair Scholars Journal of the University of Wisconsin Superior, 2018, 1–28. https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/79280/Student%20Generated%20Social%20Movements%20When%20Students%20Become%20Student%20Activists.pdf. Cite
Cosgrove, Shady E. “Reading for Peace? Literature as Activism – an Investigation into New Literary Ethics and the Novel.” In Activating Human Rights and Peace Conference Proceedings, 233–39. Australia, 2008. https://ro.uow.edu.au/creartspapers/82. Cite
Strain, Christopher B. Pure Fire: Self-Defense as Activism in the Civil Rights Era. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2005. Cite
Critical Art Ensemble. “Electronic Civil Disobedience.” In Electronic Civil Disobedience and Other Unpopular Ideas, 7–32. Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia, 2001. http://critical-art.net/books/ecd/ecd2.pdf. Cite
Critical Art Ensemble. Digital Resistance: Explorations in Tactical Media. Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia, 1996. https://monoskop.org/images/d/df/Critical_Art_Ensemble_Electronic_Civil_Disobedience_and_Other_Unpopular_Ideas.pdf. Cite
Critical Art Ensemble. Electronic Civil Disobedience and Other Unpopular Ideas. Brooklyn, NY: Autonomedia, 1996. https://monoskop.org/images/d/df/Critical_Art_Ensemble_Electronic_Civil_Disobedience_and_Other_Unpopular_Ideas.pdf. Cite
Swarthmore College. “Global Nonviolent Action Database,” n. d. https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/. Cite